2017 and beyond

My publications from 2017 and more recent years are listed in our lab's publications page.

2016

Peter Jansen, Niranjan Balasubramanian, Mihai Surdeanu, and Peter Clark. What's in an Explanation? Characterizing Knowledge and Inference Requirements for Elementary Science Exams. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), 2016. [pdf] [bib] [data]

Rebecca Sharp, Mihai Surdeanu, Peter Jansen, Peter Clark, and Michael Hammond. Creating Causal Embeddings for Question Answering with Minimal Supervision. In Proceedings of the conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2016. [pdf] [bib] [code and data]

Gustave Hahn-Powell, Dane Bell, Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega, and Mihai Surdeanu. This before That: Causal Precedence in the Biomedical Domain. In Proceedings of the 2016 Workshop on Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP 2016), 2016. [pdf] [bib]

Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega, Gustave Hahn-Powell, Dane Bell, and Mihai Surdeanu. SnapToGrid: From Statistical to Interpretable Models for Biomedical Information Extraction. In Proceedings of the 2016 Workshop on Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP 2016), 2016. [pdf] [bib]

Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega, Gustave Hahn-Powell, and Mihai Surdeanu. Odin's Runes: A Rule Language for Information Extraction. In Proceedings of the 10th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), 2016. [pdf] [bib] [code]

Dane Bell, Gustave Hahn-Powell, Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega, and Mihai Surdeanu. An Investigation of Coreference Phenomena in the Biomedical Domain. In Proceedings of the 10th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), 2016. [pdf] [bib] [code]

Dane Bell, Daniel Fried, Luwen Huangfu, Mihai Surdeanu, and Stephen Kobourov. Towards Using Social Media to Identify Individuals at Risk for Preventable Chronic Illness. In Proceedings of the 10th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), 2016. [pdf] [bib] [code]

2015

Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega, Gustave Hahn-Powell, and Mihai Surdeanu. Description of the Odin Event Extraction Framework and Rule Language. arXiv:1509.07513, 2015.

Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega, Gustave Hahn-Powell, Thomas Hicks, and Mihai Surdeanu. A Domain-independent Rule-based Framework for Event Extraction. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the Assian Federation of Natural Language Processing: Software Demonstrations (ACL-IJCNLP), 2015. [pdf] [bib] [code]

Daniel Fried, Peter Jansen, Gustave Hahn-Powell, Mihai Surdeanu, and Peter Clark. Higher-order Lexical Semantic Models for Non-factoid Answer Reranking. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), 3, 2015. [pdf] [bib]

Mihai Surdeanu, Thomas Hicks, and Marco A. Valenzuela-Escarcega. Two Practical Rhetorical Structure Theory Parsers. Proceedings of the Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Human Language Technologies: Software Demonstrations (NAACL HLT), 2015. [pdf] [bib] [code]

Rebecca Sharp, Peter Jansen, Mihai Surdeanu, and Peter Clark. Spinning Straw into Gold: Using Free Text to Train Monolingual Alignment Models for Non-factoid Question Answering. Proceedings of the Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Human Language Technologies (NAACL HLT), 2015. [pdf] [bib] [code and some data]

Ander Intxaurrondo, Eneko Agirre, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, and Mihai Surdeanu. Diamonds in the Rough: Event Extraction from Imperfect Microblog Data. Proceedings of the Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Human Language Technologies (NAACL HLT), 2015. [pdf] [bib] [data]

2014

Mihai Surdeanu and Heng Ji. Overview of the English Slot Filling Track at the TAC2014 Knowledge Base Population Evaluation. Proceedings of the TAC-KBP 2014 Workshop, 2014. [pdf] [bib]

Daniel Fried, Mihai Surdeanu, Stephen Kobourov, Melanie Hingle, and Dane Bell. Analyzing the Language of Food on Social Media. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE BigData), 2014. [pdf] [supplemental material] [bib] [demo]

Daniel Fried, Mihai Surdeanu, Stephen Kobourov, Melanie Hingle, and Dane Bell. Analyzing the Language of Food on Social Media arXiv:1409.2195, 2014. [demo]

Anh Tran, Mihai Surdeanu, and Paul Cohen. Extracting Latent Attributes from Video Scenes Using Text as Background Knowledge. In Proceedings of the Third Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM), 2014. [pdf] [bib] [slides, by Anh Tran]

Christopher D. Manning, Mihai Surdeanu, John Bauer, Jenny Finkel, Steven J. Bethard, and David McClosky. The Stanford CoreNLP Natural Language Processing Toolkit. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2014. [pdf] [code] [bib]

Heeyoung Lee, Mihai Surdeanu, Bill MacCartney, and Dan Jurafsky. On the Importance of Text Analysis for Stock Price Prediction. In Proceedings of the 9th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), 2014. [pdf] [data] [slides, by Heeyoung Lee] [bib]

Kevin Reschke, Martin Jankowiak, Mihai Surdeanu, Christopher D. Manning, and Daniel Jurafsky. Event Extraction Using Distant Supervision. In Proceedings of the 9th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), 2014. [pdf] [data] [slides, by Kevin Reschke] [bib]

Peter Jansen, Mihai Surdeanu, and Peter Clark. Discourse Complements Lexical Semantics for Non-factoid Answer Reranking. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2014. [pdf] [code and data] [bib] [slides]

2013

Colin R. Dawson, Luca Del Pero, Clayton T. Morrison, Mihai Surdeanu, Gustave Hahn-Powell, Zachary Chapman and Kobus Barnard. Bayesian modeling of scenes and captions. Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT 2013), Workshop on Vision and Language (WVL), 2013. [slides]

Mihai Surdeanu. Overview of the TAC2013 Knowledge Base Population Evaluation: English Slot Filling and Temporal Slot Filling. Proceedings of the TAC-KBP 2013 Workshop, 2013. [pdf] [slides SF] [slides TSF] [bib]

Angus Forbes, Mihai Surdeanu, Peter Jansen, and Jane Carrington. Transmitting Narrative: An Interactive Shift-Summarization Tool for Improving Nurse Communication. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Interactive Visual Text Analytics, 2013. [pdf] [bib]

Ander Intxaurrondo, Mihai Surdeanu, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, and Eneko Agirre. Removing Noisy Mentions for Distant Supervision. Proceedings of the 29th "Congreso de la Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural" (SEPLN 2013), 2013. [pdf] [bib]

Mihai Surdeanu and Sara Jeruss. Identifying Patent Monetization Entities. Proceedings of the XIV International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), 2013. [pdf] [bib] [slides]

Heeyoung Lee, Angel Chang, Yves Peirsman, Nathanael Chambers, Mihai Surdeanu and Dan Jurafsky. Deterministic coreference resolution based on entity-centric, precision-ranked rules. Computational Linguistics 39(4), 2013. [bib]

Benat Zapirain, Eneko Agirre, Lluis Marquez and Mihai Surdeanu. Selectional Preferences for Semantic Role Classification. Computational Linguistics 39(3), 2013. [bib]

2012

Mihai Surdeanu, Julie Tibshirani, Ramesh Nallapati, Christopher D. Manning. Multi-instance Multi-label Learning for Relation Extraction. Proceedings of the 2012 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), 2012. [pdf] [bib] [code and data] [additional notes, november 2012]

Heeyoung Lee, Marta Recasens, Angel Chang, Mihai Surdeanu, Dan Jurafsky. Joint Entity and Event Coreference Resolution across Documents. Proceedings of the 2012 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), 2012. [pdf] [bib] [data]

David McClosky, Sebastian Riedel, Mihai Surdeanu, Andrew McCallum, and Christopher D. Manning. Combining Joint Models for Biomedical Event Extraction. BMC Bioinformatics, 13(Suppl 11):S9, 2012. [pdf] [bib]

2011

Mihai Surdeanu, Sonal Gupta, John Bauer, David McClosky, Angel X. Chang, Valentin I. Spitkovsky, Christopher D. Manning. Stanford's Distantly-Supervised Slot-Filling System. Proceedings of the TAC-KBP 2011 Workshop, 2011. [pdf] [bib]

Heeyoung Lee, Yves Peirsman, Angel Chang, Nathanael Chambers, Mihai Surdeanu, Dan Jurafsky. Stanford's Multi-Pass Sieve Coreference Resolution System at the CoNLL-2011 Shared Task. In Proceedings of the CoNLL-2011 Shared Task, 2011. [pdf] [bib] [code] ← This system was the top-ranked system at the CoNLL-2011 shared task.

David McClosky, Mihai Surdeanu, and Christopher D. Manning. Event Extraction as Dependency Parsing for BioNLP 2011. In Proceedings of the BioNLP Workshop, 2011. [pdf] [bib]

Sebastian Riedel, David McClosky, Mihai Surdeanu, Andrew McCallum, Christopher D. Manning. Model Combination for Event Extraction in BioNLP 2011. In Proceedings of the BioNLP Workshop, 2011. [pdf] [bib] ← This system obtained the 1st place in three out of four tracks at the 2011 BioNLP shared task.

Mihai Surdeanu, David McClosky, Mason R. Smith, Andrey Gusev, and Christopher D. Manning. Customizing an Information Extraction System to a New Domain. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Relational Models of Semantics, 2011. [pdf] [bib] [slides]

Mihai Surdeanu, Ramesh Nallapati, George Gregory, Joshua Walker, and Christopher D. Manning. Risk Analysis for Intellectual Property Litigation. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2011. [pdf] [bib] [slides]

David McClosky, Mihai Surdeanu, and Christopher D. Manning. Event Extraction as Dependency Parsing. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, 2011. [pdf] [bib]

Mihai Surdeanu, Massimiliano Ciaramita, Hugo Zaragoza. Learning to Rank Answers to Non-Factoid Questions from Web Collections. Computational Linguistics 37(2), 2011. [pdf] [bib]

David Dominguez-Sal, Josep Aguilar-Saborit, Mihai Surdeanu, Josep Lluis Larriba-Pey. Using Evolutive Summary Counters for Efficient Cooperative Caching in Search Engines. Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 99, 2011. [pdf] [bib] [supplemental material]

2010

Ramesh Nallapati, Mihai Surdeanu, and Christopher D. Manning. Blind Domain Transfer for Named Entity Recognition using Generative Latent Topic Models. Proceedings of the NIPS 2010 Workshop on Transfer Learning Via Rich Generative Models, 2010. [pdf] [bib]

Mihai Surdeanu, David McClosky, Julie Tibshirani, John Bauer, Angel X. Chang, Valentin I. Spitkovsky, Christopher D. Manning A Simple Distant Supervision Approach for the TAC-KBP Slot Filling Task. Proceedings of the TAC-KBP 2010 Workshop, 2010. [pdf] [bib]

Karthik Raghunathan, Heeyoung Lee, Sudarshan Rangarajan, Nathanael Chambers, Mihai Surdeanu, Dan Jurafsky, Christopher Manning. A Multi-Pass Sieve for Coreference Resolution. Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-2010), 2010. [pdf] [bib] [code]

Mihai Surdeanu, Ramesh Nallapati, and Christopher D. Manning. Legal Claim Identification: Information Extraction with Hierarchically Labeled Data. Proceedings of the LREC 2010 Workshop on the Semantic Processing of Legal Texts (SPLeT-2010), 2010. [pdf] [bib] [slides]

Mihai Surdeanu and Christopher D. Manning. Ensemble Models for Dependency Parsing: Cheap and Good? Proceedings of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference (NAACL-2010), 2010. [pdf] [bib] [slides] [code] ← This paper was the runner up for the best short paper award.

Benat Zapirain, Eneko Agirre, Lluis Marquez and Mihai Surdeanu. Improving Semantic Role Classification with Selectional Preferences. Proceedings of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference (NAACL-2010), 2010. [pdf] [bib]

2009

J. Hajic, M. Ciaramita, R. Johansson, D. Kawahara, M. Marti, L. Marquez, A. Meyers, J. Nivre, S. Pado, J. Stepanek, P. Stranak, M. Surdeanu, N. Xue, and Y. Zhang. The CoNLL-2009 Shared Task: Syntactic and Semantic Dependencies in Multiple Languages. Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL-2009), 2009. [pdf]

Ramesh Nallapati, Mihai Surdeanu, and Christopher D. Manning. CorrActive Learning: Learning from Noisy Data through Human Interaction. IJCAI Workshop on Intelligence and Interaction, 2009. [pdf]

Computers in the Human Interaction Loop. Publisher: Springer London, ISBN 978-1-84882-053-1 (Print) and 978-1-84882-054-8 (Online). Co-authored the Language Technologies: Question Answering in Speech Transcripts chapter.

Katja Filippova, Mihai Surdeanu, Massimiliano Ciaramita, and Hugo Zaragoza. Company-Oriented Extractive Summarization of Financial News. Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), 2009. [pdf]

2008

David Dominguez-Sal, Mihai Surdeanu, Josep Aguilar-Saborit and Josep Lluis Larriba-Pey. Cache-aware Load Balancing for Question Answering. Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), 2008. [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu, Richard Johansson, Adam Meyers, Lluis Marquez and Joakim Nivre. The CoNLL-2008 Shared Task on Joint Parsing of Syntactic and Semantic Dependencies. Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL-2008), 2008. [pdf] [slides]

Massimiliano Ciaramita, Giuseppe Attardi, Felice Dell'Orletta, and Mihai Surdeanu. DeSRL: A Linear-Time Semantic Role Labeling System. Proceedings of the Shared Task of the 12th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL-2008), 2008. [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu, Massimiliano Ciaramita, and Hugo Zaragoza. Learning to Rank Answers on Large Online QA Collections. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2008), 2008. [pdf] [slides]

Mihai Surdeanu, Roser Morante, and Lluis Marquez. Analysis of Joint Inference Strategies for the Semantic Role Labeling of Spanish and Catalan. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing), February 2008. [pdf]

2007

Pere R. Comas, Jordi Turmo, and Mihai Surdeanu. Robust Question Answering for Speech Transcripts Using Minimal Syntactic Analysis. Proceedings of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum Workshop, September 2007. Also in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 5152/2008. [pdf]

David Dominguez-Sal, Josep Lluis Larriba-Pey, and Mihai Surdeanu. A Multi-layer Collaborative Cache for Question Answering. Proceedings of Euro-Par 2007, August 2007. [pdf]

Jordi Poveda, Mihai Surdeanu, and Jordi Turmo. A Comparison of Statistical and Rule-Induction Learners for Automatic Tagging of Time Expressions in English. Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning, June 2007. [pdf]

Lluis Marquez, Lluis Padro, Mihai Surdeanu, and Luis Villarejo. UPC: Experiments with Joint Learning within SemEval Task 9. SemEval 2007, June 2007. [pdf] [slides]

Mihai Surdeanu, Lluis Marquez, Xavier Carreras, and Pere R. Comas. Combination Strategies for Semantic Role Labeling. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 29 (2007). [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu and Massimiliano Ciaramita. Robust Information Extraction with Perceptrons. Proceedings of the NIST 2007 Automatic Content Extraction Workshop (ACE07), March 2007. [pdf], [slides]

David Farwell, Jesus Gimenez, Edgar Gonzalez, Reda Halkoum, Horacio Rodriguez, and Mihai Surdeanu. The UPC System for Arabic-to-English Entity Translation. Proceedings of the NIST 2007 Automatic Content Extraction Workshop (ACE07), March 2007. [pdf], [slides]

2006

Advances in Open Domain Question Answering . Publisher: Springer Netherlands, ISBN 978-1-4020-4744-2 (Print) 978-1-4020-4746-6 (Online). Co-authored the Some Advanced Features Of LCC's PowerAnswer chapter.

David Dominguez-Sal and Mihai Surdeanu. A Machine Learning Approach for Factoid Question Answering. Proceedings of the 22nd "Congreso de la Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural" (SEPLN 2006), September 2006.

Mihai Surdeanu, David Dominguez-Sal, and Pere Comas. Performance Analysis of a Factoid Question Answering System for Spontaneous Speech Transcriptions. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Interspeech), September 2006. [pdf]

Xavier Carreras, Mihai Surdeanu, and Lluis Marquez. Projective Dependency Parsing with Perceptron. Proceedings of CoNLL 2006 Shared Task, June 2006. [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu, Jordi Turmo, and Alicia Ageno. A Hybrid Approach for the Acquisition of Information Extraction Patterns. Proceedings of the EACL 2006 Workshop on Adaptive Text Extraction and Mining (ATEM 2006), April 2006. [pdf]

2005

Daniel Ferres, Samir Kanaan, David Dominguez-Sal, Edgar Gonzales, Alicia Ageno, Maria Fuentes, Horacio Rodriguez, Mihai Surdeanu, and Jordi Turmo. TALP-UPC at TREC 2005: Experiments Using a Voting Scheme Among Three Heterogeneous QA Systems. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2005), 2005. [pdf]

Lluis Marquez, Mihai Surdeanu, Pere Comas, and Jordi Turmo A Robust Combination Strategy for Semantic Role Labeling. Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP 2005, October 2005. [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu, Jordi Turmo and Eli Comelles. Named Entity Recognition from Spontaneous Open-Domain Speech. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Interspeech), September 2005. [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu, Jordi Turmo, and Alicia Ageno. A Hybrid Unsupervised Approach for Document Clustering. Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, August 2005. [pdf] [data]

Mihai Surdeanu and Jordi Turmo. Semantic Role Labeling Using Complete Syntactic Analysis. Proceedings of CoNLL 2005 Shared Task, June 2005. [pdf]

2004

Daniel Ferres, Samir Kanaan, Alicia Ageno, Edgar Gonzales, Horacio Rodriguez, Mihai Surdeanu, and Jordi Turmo. TALP-QA System for Spanish at CLEF-2004: Structural and Hierarchical Relaxing over Semantic Constraints. Results of the CLEF 2004 Evaluation Campaign, Springer-Verlag LNCS series, 2005.

Daniel Ferres, Samir Kanaan, Edgar Gonzales, Alicia Ageno, Horacio Rodriguez, Mihai Surdeanu, and Jordi Turmo. TALP-QA System at TREC 2004: Structural and Hierarchical Relaxing of Semantic Constraints. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2004), 2004. [pdf]

2003

Mihai Surdeanu, Sanda Harabagiu, John Williams, and Paul Aarseth. Using Predicate Arguments Structures for Information Extraction. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2003), 2003. [pdf]

Dan Moldovan and Mihai Surdeanu. On the Role of Information Retrieval and Information Extraction in Question Answering Systems. Information Extraction in the Web Era: Natural Language Communication for Knowledge Acquisition and Intelligent Information Agents, 2003. [pdf]

Dan Moldovan, Marius Pasca, Sanda Harabagiu, and Mihai Surdeanu. Performance Issues and Error Analysis in an Open-Domain Question Answering System. ACM Transactions in Information Systems, 2003. [pdf]

2002

Mihai Surdeanu, Dan Moldovan, and Sanda Harabagiu. Performance Analysis of a Distributed Question/Answering System. Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2002. [pdf]

Mihai Surdeanu and Dan Moldovan. Design and Performance Analysis of a Distributed Java Virtual Machine. Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2002. [pdf]

Dan Moldovan, Sanda Harabagiu, Marius Pasca, and Mihai Surdeanu. Performance Issues and Error Analysis in an Open-Domain Question Answering System. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2002), 2002.

Sanda Harabagiu and Mihai Surdeanu. Infrastructure for Open-Domain Information Extraction. In Proceedings of Human Language Technology 2002 (HLT 2002), 2002. [pdf]

2001

Mihai Surdeanu, Dan Moldovan, and Sanda Harabagiu. Performance Analysis of a Distributed Question/Answering System. In Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2001), 2001.

Sanda Harabagiu, Dan Moldovan, Marius Pasca, Mihai Surdeanu, Rada Mihalcea, Roxana Girju, Vasile Rus, Finley Lacatusu, Paul Morarescu, and Razvan Bunescu. Answering complex, list and context questions with LCC's Question-Answering Server. In Proceedings of the 10th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2001), 2001. [pdf]

Sanda Harabagiu, Dan Moldovan, Marius Pasca, Rada Mihalcea, Mihai Surdeanu, Razvan Bunescu, Roxana Girju, Vasile Rus, y Paul Morarescu. The Role of Lexico-Semantic Feedbacks in Open-Domain Textual Question/Answering. In Proceedings of the 39th Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2001), 2001. [pdf]

Sanda Harabagiu, Mihai Surdeanu, and Paul Morarescu. Automatic Discovery of Linguistic Patterns for Information Extraction. In Proceedings of the 14th International FLAIRS Conference, 2001.

2000

Mihai Surdeanu. Distributed Java Virtual Machine for Message Passing Architectures. In Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Distributed Systems (ICDCS 2000), 2000.

Sanda Harabagiu, Dan Moldovan, Marius Pasca, Rada Mihalcea, Mihai Surdeanu, Razvan Bunescu, Roxana Girju, Vasile Rus and Paul Morarescu. FALCON: Boosting Knowledge for Answer Engines. In Proceedings of the 9th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-9), 2000. [pdf]